Biomass Gasifier

The biomass gasifier mainly uses biomass (wood chips, rice husks, straw, etc.) as raw materials, and uses air as a gasification agent to thermally decompose the carbohydrates in the organic materials at temperatures ranging from 300℃ to 1000℃ under oxygen-deficient conditions, transforming them into biomass gas containing CO, H2, CH4, etc. which can be applied in boilers, kilns, and other applications. During the biomass gasification process, the energy storage carrier changes from solid to gas, achieving the clean conversion and utilization of energy. Biomass gas is a clean renewable energy source and the only one that has renewable, low pollution, widely distributed, and abundant characteristics. It is an ideal substitute for fossil fuels.

Gasification Principle

Drying Layer (100~150℃):

The material is dehydrated and dried, and most of the water is precipitated below 105℃, then rapidly heated.

Pyrolysis Layer (Core zone 300~700 ℃):

When the temperature reaches above 160 ℃, the high molecular weight organic matter begins to undergo exothermic irreversible thermal decomposition reaction. The higher the temperature, the more intense the reaction. The product is a complex mixture of gas and solid carbon, in which the gas at least includes hundreds of hydrocarbons, some of which can condense into tar at room temperature.

C+CO2→2CO △ H=172.47kJ

C+H2O(g)→CO+H2 △H=131.30kJ

C+2H2O(g)→CO2+2H2 △H=90.17kJ

C+2H2→CH4 △H=-74.81kJ

CO+H2O(g)→CO2+H2 △H=41.17kJ

C+O2→CO2 △H=-408.8kJ

2C+O2→2CO △H=-246.44kJ

The biomass raw material is fed to the top of the gasifier by a conveyor/screw conveyor and bucket elevator, and is fed from the top of the silo to the gasifier body by the silo feeder. Before feeding, the discharge valve is closed to prevent gas backflow. The biomass raw material is sent to the buffer silo when the discharge valve needs to be opened. At this time, the discharge valve of the silo feeder is closed, and the discharge valve of the buffer silo is opened to send the biomass fuel into the gasifier. Finally, the discharge valve of the buffer silo is closed. The design inventory of the silo feeder meets the continuous feeding demand of the gasifier.

After the biomass raw material enters the gasifier, it undergoes a series of physical and chemical reactions from top to bottom, passing through the drying zone, pyrolysis zone, reduction zone, and oxidation zone in sequence, generating biomass gas, biomass char, and biomass liquid. The biomass gas is used as fuel for the boiler, the biomass char is periodically discharged and sent to the biomass char storage yard for external sales after cooling at the bottom of the gasifier, and the biomass liquid is returned to the gasifier for re-pyrolysis gasification.

A certain amount of air gasifying agent is sent into the gasifier from the bottom air inlet, and is heated and exchanged with the high-temperature biomass char when passing through the biomass char layer, and then enters the oxidation zone at the bottom of the gasifier for oxidation reaction with the hot biomass. At the same time, heat is released to provide a heat source for physical and chemical processes such as biomass reduction and cracking above the reduction zone.

The biomass gas produced in the reduction and pyrolysis zones of the gasifier flows upward, passes through the drying zone, and after being filtered and cooled by the material layer, it is cooled to below 150℃ and discharged from the gas outlet on the side of the top of the gasifier. The discharged biomass raw gas is purified by the gas cleaning device to separate the tar, dust, and water carried in the gas and then returned to the gasifier for further pyrolysis and gasification.

The purified biomass gas is transported to the biomass gas boiler for low nitrogen combustion by a booster fan. The tar and dust purified from the raw gas are deposited and discharged into the tar tank, and then sent back to the gasifier for further pyrolysis and gasification by a tar pump, achieving zero discharge of tar and ensuring that the gasification system does not discharge wastewater to the outside.

High gasification efficiency. When paired with a high-efficiency gas boiler, it can achieve a higher thermal energy utilization efficiency.

The small amount of tar liquid separated from the gasification furnace gas is returned to the gasification furnace for secondary pyrolysis gasification, achieving zero-pollution emissions and preventing gas pipeline blockages.

The gasification furnace can operate continuously 24/7 and is stable, ensuring reliable and continuous production and heat usage for customers. It is also easy to temporarily stop the furnace for a few hours or several days and restart it.

The gasification furnace can be designed according to customer needs, ensuring excellent gasification conditions in the furnace and system equipment. Biomass charcoal can be produced for different purposes such as barbecue charcoal and activated carbon. There is no solid waste or wastewater pollution, achieving biomass green, circular, efficient, high-value and comprehensive utilization.

The gasification furnace is fully sealed and operated at a slight positive pressure, with multi-level explosion protection, ensuring safety and reliability.

Biomass gas contains almost no sulfur. After clean combustion, the content of nitrogen oxides and fly ash is extremely low. Most of the carbon, sulfur, nitrogen, and trace elements in biomass are retained in biomass charcoal. Low-nitrogen combustion control technology is used during combustion to achieve standard emissions. Standard emissions can be easily achieved through regular smoke gas treatment methods.

Biomass gas contains almost no sulfur. After clean combustion, the content of nitrogen oxides and fly ash is extremely low. Most of the carbon, sulfur, nitrogen, and trace elements in biomass are retained in biomass charcoal. Low-nitrogen combustion control technology is used during combustion to achieve standard emissions. Standard emissions can be easily achieved through regular smoke gas treatment methods.

Short construction period, low heating cost. Biomass gasification heating technology usually costs less than natural gas, making it economically efficient.

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